Countries That Are Were Formerly Communist or That Continue to Be Under Quialet
| Official ruling parties in communist states Communist parties as ruling parties or part of a governing coalition in multi-party states Formerly ruled under a one-party system Formerly ruled under a parliamentary majority or minority government Formerly ruled as a coalition partner or supporter Parts of countries formerly ruled under a one-party system |
There are a number of communist parties active in various countries across the world and a number that used to be active. They differ not only in method, but also in strict ideology and interpretation, although they are generally within the tradition of Marxism–Leninism.
The formation of communist parties in various countries was first initiated by the Russian Bolsheviks within the Communist International. Since then, communist parties have governed numerous countries, whether as ruling parties in one-party states like the Communist Party of China or the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or as ruling parties in multi-party systems, including majority and minority governments as well as leading or being part of several coalitions.
Many other communist parties did not govern any country, but did govern a state or region within a country. Others have also been represented in national, state, or regional parliaments. Some communist parties and schools of thought reject parliamentarism, instead advocating insurrection or social revolution as well as workers' councils.
Officially ruling in communist states [edit]
In the following countries, communist parties either lead the ruling coalition or hold monopoly on state power as defined by their respective country's constitutions.
| Country | Logo | Name | Abbr. | Leader | Founded | Ideology | Legislature | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 China |  | Communist Party of China 中国共产党 | CPC 中共 | Xi Jinping | 1 July 1921 (1921-07-01) | Socialism with Chinese characteristics Maoism | National People's Congress: 2,091 / 2,980 | Leads the United Front | |
 Cuba | Communist Party of Cuba Partido Comunista de Cuba | PCC | Miguel Díaz-Canel | 3 October 1965 (1965-10-03) | Marxism–Leninism Castroism Guevarism | National Assembly: 605 / 605 | Leads the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution | ||
 Laos |  | Lao People's Revolutionary Party ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ | LPRP ພປປລ | Thongloun Sisoulith | 22 May 1955 (1955-05-22) | Marxism–Leninism Kaysone Phomvihane Thought | National Assembly: 158 / 164 | Leads the Lao Front for National Development | |
 North Korea |  | Workers' Party of Korea 조선로동당 | WPK 로동당 | Kim Jong-un | 24 June 1948 (1948-06-24) | Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism | Supreme People's Assembly: 607 / 687 | Leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea | |
 Vietnam |  | Communist Party of Vietnam Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam | CPV ĐCSVN | Nguyễn Phú Trọng | 3 February 1930 (1930-02-03) | Marxism–Leninism Ho Chi Minh Thought | National Assembly: 485 / 499 | Leads the Vietnamese Fatherland Front | |
Ruling or part of ruling coalition in multi-party states [edit]
| Country | Logo | Name | Abbr. | Leader | Founded | Ideology | Legislature | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina |  | Communist Party of Argentina Partido Comunista de la Argentina | PC; PCA | Víctor Kot | 6 January 1918 (1918-01-06) | Marxism–Leninism Internationalism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 257 | Participates in the ruling Frente de Todos | |
 | Communist Party of Argentina (Extraordinary Congress) Partido Comunista (Congreso Extraordinario) | PCCE | Pablo Pereyra | 2 December 1996 (1996-12-02) | Marxism–Leninism Kirchnerism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 257 | |||
 | Revolutionary Communist Party Partido Comunista Revolucionario | PCR | Juan Carlos Alderete | 6 January 1968 (1968-01-06) | Marxism–Leninism Maoism Anti-revisionism | Chamber of Deputies: 2 / 257 | |||
 Belarus |  | Communist Party of Belarus Камуністычная партыя Беларусі | CPB КПБ | Aliaksiej Sokal | 2 November 1996 (1996-11-02) | Marxism–Leninism Belarusian–Russian unionism | House of Representatives: 11 / 110 | Supports the government of president Alexander Lukashenko | |
 Bulgaria | Communist Party of Bulgaria | CPB | Aleksandar Paunov | 1996 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 240 | Member of the governing Coalition for Bulgaria | ||
 Chile |  | Communist Party of Chile Partido Comunista de Chile | PCCh | Guillermo Teillier | 4 June 1912 (1912-06-04) | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies: 12 / 155 | Member of the ruling Apruebo Dignidad coalition | |
 Colombia |  | Colombian Communist Party Partido Comunista Colombiano | PCC | Jaime Caycedo | 1930 | Marxism–Leninism Bolivarianism | Chamber of Representatives: 0 / 172 | Member of the ruling Historic Pact for Colombia | |
 | Commons Comunes | Timoleón Jiménez | 1 September 2017 | Marxism–Leninism Bolivarianism | Chamber of Representatives: 5 / 172 | ||||
 Nepal |  | Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र) | CPN (Maoist) नेकपा (माओवादी) | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | 1994 (1994) | Prachanda Path Left-wing nationalism | House of Representatives: 53 / 275 | Member of the coalition government | |
| Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Socialist) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत-समाजवादी) | CPN (Unified Socialist) नकप (एकीकृत-समाजवादी) | Madhav Kumar Nepal | 18 August 2021 (2021-08-18) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | House of Representatives: 25 / 275 | ||||
| National People's Front राष्ट्रिय जनमोर्चा | RJ राज | Chitra Bahadur K.C. | 1994 (1994) | Marxism–Leninism Anti-federalism | House of Representatives: 1 / 275 | Supports the coalition government | |||
 Palestine | Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين | PFLP | Ahmad Sa'adat | 11 December 1967 (1967-12-11) | Palestinian nationalism Marxism–Leninism Revolutionary socialism One-state solution Anti-zionism | Legislative Council: 3 / 132 | Member of the ruling PLO | ||
| Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين | DFLP | Nayef Hawatmeh | 1969 (1969) | Marxism–Leninism Palestinian nationalism Left-wing nationalism Anti-Zionism | Legislative Council: 1 / 132 | ||||
| Palestinian People's Party حزب الشعب الفلسطيني | PPP | Bassam Al-Salhi | February 1982 (1982-02) | Marxism Scientific socialism Left-wing nationalism Palestinian nationalism | Legislative Council: 1 / 132 | ||||
 Peru | Peruvian Communist Party Partido Comunista Peruano | PCP | Luis Villanueva | 9 April 1928 (1928-04-09) | Marxism–Leninism Mariáteguism | Congress: 0 / 130 | Member of Together for Peru, which participates in the Free Peru-led government | ||
 | Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland Partido Comunista del Perú – Patria Roja | PCP-PR | Alberto Moreno | 1970 (1970) |
| Congress: 0 / 130 | |||
 | Free Peru[1] Perú Libre | PL | Vladimir Cerron | 13 August 2008 (2008-08-13) | Socialism Marxism–Leninism Mariáteguism | Congress: 32 / 130 | In government | ||
 South Africa |  | South African Communist Party | SACP | Blade Nzimande | 12 February 1921 (1921-02-12) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism | National Assembly: 0 / 400 | Participates in the ruling Tripartite Alliance | |
 Spain |  | Communist Party of Spain Partido Comunista de España | PCE | Enrique Santiago | 14 November 1921 (1921-11-14) | Marxism–Leninism Republicanism Internationalism Federalism | Congress of Deputies: 6 / 350 | Participates in the United Left and Unidas Podemos, member of the PSOE-led government | |
 Sri Lanka |  | Communist Party of Sri Lanka ශ්රී ලංකාවේ කොමියුනිස්ට් පක්ෂය இலங்கை கம்யூனிஸ்ட் கட்சி | CPSL | Dr. G. Weerasinghe | 3 July 1943 (1943-07-03) | Marxism–Leninism Anti-imperialism | Parliament: 1 / 225 | Participates in the ruling Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance | |
 | Lanka Equal Society Party ලංකා සම සමාජ පක්ෂය லங்கா சமசமாஜக் கட்சி | LSSP | Tissa Vitharana | 18 December 1935 (1935-12-18) | Marxism Trotskyism | Parliament: 1 / 225 | |||
 Syria | Syrian Communist Party الحزب الشيوعي السوري | SCP | Ammar Bakdash | 1986 (1986) | Marxism–Leninism Anti-revisionism | People's Assembly: 2 / 250 | Participates in the ruling National Progressive Front | ||
| Syrian Communist Party (Unified) الحزب الشيوعي السوري (الموحد) | SCP(U) | Hanin Nimir | 1986 (1986) | Marxism–Leninism | People's Assembly: 2 / 250 | ||||
 Venezuela |  | Revolutionary Movement Tupamaro Movimiento Revolucionario Tupamaro | MRT | Oswaldo Jiménez | 1992 (1992) | Marxism-Leninism Guevarism | Chamber of Deputies: 7 / 277 | Participates in the ruling Great Patriotic Pole | |
| Venezuelan Popular Unity Unidad Popular Venezolana | UPV | Lina Ron | 6 February 2004 (2004-02-06) | Marxism-Leninism Anti-imperialism Bolivarianism | Chamber of Deputies: 2 / 277 | ||||
| Venezuelan Revolutionary Currents Corrientes Revolucionarias Venezolanas | CRV | Ramsés Augusto Reyes Colmenares | 2000 (2000) | Communism Guevarism Chavismo Anti-imperialism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 277 | ||||
Main opposition in multi-party states [edit]
| Country | Logo | Name | Abbr. | Leader | Founded | Ideology | Legislature | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Brazil |  | Communist Party of Brazil Partido Comunista do Brasil | PCdoB | Luciana Santos | 25 March 1922 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies: 8 / 513 | Member of the main opposition federation, Brazil of Hope. | |
 Cyprus |  | Progressive Party of Working People Anorthotikó Kómma Ergazómenou Laoú | AKEL | Stefanos Stefanou | 15 August 1926 (1926-08-15) | Marxism–Leninism | House of Representatives: 15 / 56 | ||
 France |  | French Communist Party Parti communiste français | PCF | Fabien Roussel | 30 December 1920 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 12 / 577 | An important pillar of New Ecologic and Social People's Union | |
 Latvia | Socialist Party of Latvia Latvijas Komunistiskā partija | LSP | Vladimirs Frolovs | 15 January 1994 | Marxism–Leninism | Saeima: 1 / 100 | In alliance with Harmony | ||
 Moldova |  | Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova | PCRM | Vladimir Voronin | 19 October 1993 (1993-10-19) | Marxism–Leninism Moldovenism | Parliament: 10 / 101 | Participates in BECS | |
| Nepal |  | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी) | CPN (UML) | KP Sharma Oli | 6 January 1991 (1991-01-06) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | House of Representatives: 96 / 275 | Largest party by seat count in both houses of the Federal Parliament | |
 Russia |  | Communist Party of the Russian Federation Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации | CPRF | Gennady Zyuganov | 14 February 1993 (1993-02-14) | Marxism–Leninism | State Duma: 57 / 450 | ||
 Uruguay | Communist Party of Uruguay Partido Comunista del Uruguay | PCU | Juan Castillo | 19 September 1920 (1920-09-19) | Marxism–Leninism Internationalism | Chamber of Representatives: 6 / 99 | Member of the Broad Front 42 / 99 | ||
| Movement of Popular Participation Movimiento de Participación Popular | MPP | José Mujica | 6 April 1989 (1989-04-06) | Marxism–Leninism Anti-capitalism | Chamber of Representatives: 25 / 99 | ||||
 | People's Victory Party Partido por la Victoria del Pueblo | PVP | July 1975 | Marxism Guevarism | Chamber of Representatives: 1 / 99 | ||||
Formerly ruling [edit]
One-party system [edit]
| Country | Logo | Name | Abbr. | Leaders | Founded | Dissolved | Ideology | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Afghanistan (1978–1992) |  | People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan حزب دموکراتيک خلق افغانستان د افغانستان د خلق دموکراټیک ګوند | PDPA | Nur Muhammad Taraki (first) Mohammad Najibullah (last) | 1 January 1965 (1965-01-01) | 16 April 1992 (1992-04-16) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism Secularism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism in 1987, deposed in 1992 | |
 Albania (1946–1992) | Party of Labour of Albania Partia e Punës e Shqipërisë | PPSh | Enver Hoxha (first) Ramiz Alia (last) | 8 November 1941 (1941-11-08) | 13 June 1991 (1991-06-13) | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy in 1991 and now known as the Socialist Party of Albania | ||
 Angola (1975–1992) |  | People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola | MPLA | Agostinho Neto (first) João Lourenço (current) | 10 December 1956 (1956-12-10) | Marxism–Leninism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy | ||
 Azerbaijan People's Government(1945–1946) |  | Azerbaijani Democratic Party Azərbaycan Demokrat Firqəsi فرقه دموکرات آذربایجان < | ADP ADF فدآ < | Ja'far Pishevari | 3 September 1945 (1945-09-03) | 1960 (1960) | Marxism–Leninism Azerbaijani nationalism Left-wing nationalism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy | |
 Benin (1975–1990) |  | People's Revolutionary Party of Benin Parti de la révolution populaire du Bénin | PRPB | Mathieu Kérékou | 30 November 1975 (1975-11-30) | 30 April 1990 (1990-04-30) | Marxism–Leninism Scientific socialism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and is now known as the Union of Forces of Progress | |
 Bulgaria (1946–1990) |  | Bulgarian Communist Party Българска комунистическа партия | PRPB БКП | Dimitar Blagoev (first) Aleksandar Lilov (last) | 27 May 1919 (1919-05-27) | 3 April 1990 (1990-04-03) | Marxism–Leninism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and is now known as the Bulgarian Socialist Party | |
 Cambodia (1975–1979) |  | Communist Party of Kampuchea បក្សកុម្មុយនីស្តកម្ពុជា | CPK ប.ក.ក | Tou Samouth (first) Pol Pot (last) | 30 September 1960 (1960-09-30) | 6 December 1981 (1981-12-06) | Maoism Khmer nationalism Agrarianism Anti-intellectualism Autarky | Succeeded by the exiled, non-ruling and now defunct Party of Democratic Kampuchea | |
 Cambodia (1979–1992) |  | Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party គណបក្សប្រជាជនបដិវត្តន៍កម្ពុជា | KPRP | Pen Sovan (first) Heng Samrin (last) | 28 June 1951 (1951-06-28) 5 January 1979 (1979-01-05) | 17 October 1991 (1991-10-17) | Marxism–Leninism Revisionism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for centrism and is now known as the Cambodian People's Party | |
 Cape Verde (1981–1990) |  | African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde | PAICV | Aristides Pereira | 20 January 1981 | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for democratic socialism | ||
 Congo (1979–1992) |  | Congolese Party of Labour Parti congolais du travail | PCT | Marien Ngouabi (first) Denis Sassou Nguesso (current) | 29 December 1969 (1969-12-29) | Marxism–Leninism Scientific socialism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy | ||
 Croatia (1945–1990) |  | League of Communists of Croatia Savez komunista Hrvatske | SKH | Pavle Gregorić (first) Ivica Račan (last) | 1 August 1937 (1937-08-01) | 3 November 1990 (1990-11-03) | Marxism–Leninism Titoism (from 1948) | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism and Titoism for social democracy in 1989–1990 and is now known as the Social Democratic Party of Croatia | |
 Czechoslovakia (1948–1990) |  | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia Komunistická strana Československa | KSČ | Václav Šturc (first) Ladislav Adamec (last) | 16 May 1921 (1921-05-16) | 3 November 1992 (1992-11-03) | Marxism–Leninism Socialism with a human face (1968) Husakism (1969–1989) | Split into the non-ruling Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia and the social democratic Party of the Democratic Left (Slovakia) | |
 Ethiopia (1979–1984) | Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia የኢትዮጵያ የሥራ ሕዝብ ፓርቲ የማደራጀት ኮሚሽን | COPWE | Mengistu Haile Mariam | 17 December 1979 (1979-12-17) | 12 September 1984 (1984-09-12) | Marxism–Leninism | Succeeded by the Workers' Party of Ethiopia | ||
 Ethiopia (1984–1991) |  | Workers' Party of Ethiopia የኢትዮጵያ ሠራተኞች ፓርቲ | WPE የሠፓ | 12 September 1984 (1984-09-12) | 21 May 1991 (1991-05-21) | Marxism–Leninism | Deposed in 1991 | ||
 East Germany (1949–1989) |  | Socialist Unity Party of Germany Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands | SED | Wilhelm Pieck & Otto Grotewohl (first) Egon Krenz (last) | 21 April 1946 (1946-04-21) | 16 December 1989 (1989-12-16) | Marxism–Leninism Socialist patriotism | Became the Party of Democratic Socialism and is now a part of The Left | |
 Greece (1944, 1947–1949) |  | Communist Party of Greece Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας | KKE ΚΚΕ | Avraam Benaroya (first) Dimitris Koutsoumpas (current) | 17 November 1918 (1918-11-17) | Marxism–Leninism Internationalism Anti-capitalism Euroscepticism | Overthrown during the Greek Civil War | ||
 Grenada (1979–1983) | New Jewel Movement | NJM | Maurice Bishop | 11 March 1973 (1973-03-11) | 29 October 1983 (1983-10-29) | Marxism–Leninism State atheism Revolutionary socialism Republicanism | Lost power and ceased to exist after an internal party split, a military coup and the American invasion, succeeded by the Maurice Bishop Patriotic Movement | ||
 Hungary (1919) |  | Hungarian Communist Party Magyar Kommunista Párt | MKP | Béla Kun (first) Mátyás Rákosi (last) | 24 November 1918 (1918-11-24) | 22 July 1948 (1948-07-22) | Marxism–Leninism State atheism Revolutionary socialism Republicanism | Deposed in August 1919 | |
 Hungary (1948–1989) |  | Merged with the Social Democratic Party of Hungary in the Hungarian Working People's Party | |||||||
 | Hungarian Working People's Party Magyar Dolgozók Pártja | MDP | Mátyás Rákosi (first) János Kádár (last) | 22 July 1948 (1948-07-22) | 31 October 1956 (1956-10-31) | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism | Reorganized into the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 | ||
 | Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt | MSZMP | János Kádár (first) Rezső Nyers (last) | 31 October 1956 (1956-10-31) | 7 October 1989 (1989-10-07) | Marxism–Leninism Kádárism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and is now known as the Hungarian Socialist Party | ||
 Madagascar (1975–1992) | Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution Avant-garde de la Révolution Malgache | AREMA | Didier Ratsiraka (first) M. Simon Pierre (current) | 30 November 1976 (1976-11-30) | Marxism–Leninism Scientific socialism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for left-wing nationalism and is now known as the Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar | |||
 Mongolia (1921–1992) | Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Нам | MAKhN МАХН | Damdin Sükhbaatar (first) Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene (current) | 25 June 1920 (1920-06-25) | Marxism–Leninism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy | |||
 Mozambique (1975–1990) |  | FRELIMO Party Partido FRELIMO | FRELIMO | Eduardo Mondlane (first) Filipe Nyusi (current) | 25 June 1962 (1962-06-25) | Marxism–Leninism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for democratic socialism | ||
 Poland (1944–1989) |  | Polish Workers' Party Polska Partia Robotnicza | PPR | Władysław Gomułka | 5 January 1942 (1942-01-05) | 16 December 1948 (1948-12-16) | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism | Merged with the Polish Socialist Party to form the Polish United Workers' Party | |
 | Polish United Workers' Party Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza | PZPR | Bolesław Bierut (first) Mieczysław Rakowski (last) | 16 December 1948 (1948-12-16) | 30 January 1990 (1990-01-30) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy and later known as the Democratic Left Alliance | ||
 Romania (1945–1989) |  | Romanian Communist Party Partidul Comunist Român | PCR | Gheorghe Cristescu (first) Nicolae Ceaușescu (last) | 8 May 1921 (1921-05-08) | 22 December 1989 (1989-12-22) | Marxism–Leninism Neo-Stalinism Anti-revisionism National Communism | Dissolved after the Romanian Revolution | |
 Somalia (1976–1991) |  | Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed | XHKS | Siad Barre | 26 June 1976 (1976-06-26) | 26 January 1992 (1992-01-26) | Marxism–Leninism Islamic socialism Pan-Somalism Scientific socialism Somali nationalism Militarism | Deposed in 1991 | |
 Soviet Union (1922–1991) |  | Communist Party of the Soviet Union Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза | CPSU КПСС | Vladimir Lenin (first) Mikhail Gorbachev (last) | May 1917 (1917-05) | 6 November 1991 (1991-11-06) | Leninism (1922–1927) Stalinism (1927–1953) Marxism–Leninism (1953–1991) Soviet patriotism | Banned in 1991, de facto succeeded by UCP-CPSU and CPRF | |
 South Yemen (1967–1990) |  | National Liberation Front الجبهة القومية للتحرير | NLF | Qahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi | 1963 (1963) | 13 October 1978 (1978-10-13) | Marxism–Leninism Arab nationalism | Reorganized itself into the Yemeni Socialist Party | |
 | Yemeni Socialist Party الحزب الاشتراكي اليمني | YSP | Abdul Fattah Ismail (first) Abdulraham Al-Saqqaf (current) | 13 October 1978 (1978-10-13) | Marxism–Leninism Arab nationalism | Abandoned Marxism–Leninism for social democracy | |||
 Tannu Tuva (1921–1944) |  | Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party Тьва arat-хuviskaalçь nam Тувинская народно-революционная партия | TPRP ТAХN ТНРП | Namachyn (first) Salchak Toka (last) | 21 October 1921 (1921-10-21) | 11 October 1944 (1944-10-11) | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism | Became the Tuvan Regional Committee of the VKP(b), later CPSU | |
 Yugoslavia (1945–1990) |  | League of Communists of Yugoslavia Савез комуниста Југославије Savez komunista Jugoslavije | SKJ СКJ | Josip Broz Tito (1939–1980) Milan Pančevski (last) | 20 April 1919 (1919-04-20) | 22 January 1990 (1990-01-22) | Marxism–Leninism Titoism | Splintered into its many constituent parties in 1990 | |
Parliamentary majority or minority government [edit]
| Country | Logo | Name | Abbr. | Leaders | Founded | Dissolved | Ideology | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Austria (1945–1949) |  | Communist Party of Austria Kommunistische Partei Österreichs | KPÖ | Ruth Fischer & Franz Koritschoner & Lucien Laurat (first) Mirko Messner (current) | 3 November 1918 (1918-11-03) | Marxism–Leninism Anti-fascism | Participated in the provisional coalition of the Government of Austria after World War II and for four years after the 1945 Austrian legislative election | ||
 Bangladesh (1975) |  | Bangladesh Worker's-Peasants' People's League বাংলাদেশ কৃষক শ্রমিক আওয়ামী লীগ | BAKSAL বাংকশ্আল | Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | 24 February 1975 (1975-02-24) | 15 August 1975 (1975-08-15) | State socialism Bengali nationalism | Dissolved after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman | |
 Chad (1993) | Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism Action Tchadienne pour l'unité et le socialisme | ACTUS/prpe | Fidèle Moungar | 1 May 1981 (1981-05-01) | Marxism–Leninism Ecologism | The party's leader was chosen as Prime Minister in April 1993 by the Sovereign National Conference, but subsequently lost an October 1993 vote of no-confidence and resigned. | |||
| Cyprus (2008–2013) | | Progressive Party of Working People Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού | AKEL ΑΚΕΛ | Ploutis Servas (first) Stefanos Stefanou (current) | 15 August 1926 (1926-08-15) | Marxism–Leninism Cypriot nationalism | Won the 2008 election and ruled until 2013 | ||
 Guyana (1992–2015) |  | People's Progressive Party/Civic | PPP/С | Cheddi Jagan & Janet Jagan (first) Bharrat Jagdeo (current) | 1 January 1950 (1950-01-01) | Social democracy Left-wing populism Left-wing nationalism Nominally: Marxism–Leninism | The party de facto abandoned Marxism–Leninism in favor of social democracy by 2015. | ||
 India (1996–1998) |  | Communist Party of India | CPI | Sachchidanand Vishnu Ghate (first) D. Raja (current) | 1 June 1996 (1996-06-01) | 19 March 1998 (1998-03-19) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism | Member of the United Front and its coalition government | |
 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPI(M) | Puchalapalli Sundarayya (first) Sitaram Yechury (current) | 1 June 1996 (1996-06-01) | 19 March 1998 (1998-03-19) | Marxism–Leninism Left-wing nationalism | Member of the United Front and its coalition government | ||
| Moldova (2001–2009) | | Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova Partidul Comuniștilor din Republica Moldova | PCRM | Vladimir Voronin | 22 October 1993 (1993-10-22) | Democratic socialism Left-wing populism Moldovenism Russophilia | Deposed after the 2009 protests | ||
| Nepal (1994–1995, 2008–2013, 2015–2017, 2018–2021) | | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी) | CPN (UML) नेकपा (एमाले) | Madan Bhandari (first) K. P. Sharma Oli (current) | 6 January 1991 (1991-01-06) 8 March 2021 (2021-03-08) | 17 May 2018 (2018-05-17) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy | The party merged with the CPN (MC) to form the Nepal Communist Party in 2018, refounded in 2021. | |
 | Nepal Communist Party नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी | NCP नेकपा | K. P. Sharma Oli Pushpa Kamal Dahal | 17 May 2018 (2018-05-17) | 8 March 2021 (2021-03-08) | Marxism–Leninism People's Multiparty Democracy Prachanda Path Democratic centralism Secularism Federalism | Dissolved as a result of internal conflicts in 2021 | ||
Coalition partner or supporter [edit]
- Argentina (2003–2015) – Communist Party of Argentina, in coalition governments with Front for Victory
- Brazil (2003–2016) – Communist Party of Brazil, in coalition governments with Workers' Party
- Bulgaria (2005–2009, 2013–2014) – Communist Party of Bulgaria, in coalition government as member of the Coalition for Bulgaria
- Chile (1937–1941, 1942–1946, 1970–1973, 2014–2018) – Communist Party of Chile, in coalition governments as a member of the Popular Front, Democratic Alliance, Popular Unity, and now New Majority
-
Finland (1944–1948, 1966–1970, 1970–1971, 1975–1976 and 1977–1982) – Finnish People's Democratic League, in coalition governments with numerous other parties - France (1981–1989; 1997–2002) – French Communist Party as a part of the Union de la gauche and of the Gauche plurielle
- India (2004–2008) – Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Communist Party of India, in the coalition government of the United Progressive Alliance
-
Iran (1946) – Tudeh Party of Iran, in the coalition government of Ahmad Qavam[2] -
Italy (1998–2001, 2006–2008) – Party of Italian Communists in the D'Alema I Cabinet, D'Alema II Cabinet, Amato II Cabinet with The Olive Tree; Communist Refoundation Party and Party of Italian Communists in the coalition government of The Union -
Mali (2005–2014) – Malian Party of Labour, participated in the Alliance for Democracy in Mali -
Norway (1945) – Communist Party of Norway in coalition government as member of Gerhardsen's First Cabinet led by the Labour Party - Peru (2011–2016) – Peruvian Communist Party, in coalition governments as member of Peru Wins
-
Portugal (2015–2019) – Portuguese Communist Party in support of the XXI Constitutional Government of Portugal led by the Socialist Party -
San Marino (1945–1957, 1978–1992) – Sammarinese Communist Party, in coalition government with Sammarinese Socialist Party - Sri Lanka (1970–1975, 2004–2015) – Communist Party of Sri Lanka, in coalition governments with the Sri Lanka Freedom Party
- Uruguay (2005–2020) – Communist Party of Uruguay and People's Victory Party, in coalition governments as members of the Broad Front
Modern non-ruling [edit]
| Country/Territory | Logo | Name | Abbr. | Leader | Founded | Ideology | Legislature | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Abkhazia | Communist Party of Abkhazia Аԥсны Акомунисттә Апартиа | CPA | Lev Shamba | March 1921 | Marxism–Leninism | People's Assembly: 0 / 35 | |||
 Afghanistan |  | Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan | CMPM | 2004 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Banned | |||
| Afghanistan Liberation Organization | ALO | 1973 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | ||||||
| Marxist–Leninist Organization of Afghanistan | MLOA | Mao Zedong Thought | |||||||
 Albania |  | Communist Party of Albania | PKSh | Qemal Cicollari | 1991 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism | Kuvendi: 0 / 140 | ||
| Communist Party of Albania 8 November | PKSH 8 | Preng Çuni | Communism | Kuvendi: 0 / 140 | |||||
 Algeria | Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism | PADS | Abdelhamid Benzine | 1993 | Marxism–Leninism | People's National Assembly: 0 / 407 0 / 174 | |||
| Angola | Party of the Angolan Communist Community | Baptista André José Simão | 1994 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 200 | ||||
| Argentina | Liberation Party | PL | Sergio Ortiz | 5 April 1965 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 257 0 / 72 | |||
 Armenia | Armenian Communist Party | HKK | National Assembly: 0 / 107 | ||||||
| United Communist Party of Armenia | National Assembly: 0 / 107 | ||||||||
| Progressive United Communist Party of Armenia | National Assembly: 0 / 107 | ||||||||
 Republic of Artsakh | Communist Party of Artsakh | AKK | Hrant Melkumyan | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 33 | ||||
 Australia | Communist Party of Australia (1971) | House of Representatives: 0 / 151 0 / 76 | |||||||
 | Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist) | ||||||||
| Austria | | Communist Party of Austria | KPO | Florian Birngruber | 3 November 1918 | Marxism–Leninism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||
 | Party of Labour of Austria | PdA | Tibor Zenker | 12 October 2013 | Marxism–Leninism | National Council: 0 / 183 Federal Council: 0 / 62 | |||
 Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan Communist Party (1993) | ||||||||
| New Generation Communist Party of Azerbaijan | |||||||||
| United Communist Party of Azerbaijan | |||||||||
 Bahrain | National Liberation Front | NLF | 15 February 1955 | Marxism–Leninism | Council of Representatives: 0 / 40 0 / 40 | ||||
| Progressive Democratic Tribune | PDT | Hassan Madan | 14 September 2001 | Communism Anti-imperialism | Council of Representatives: 1 / 40 0 / 40 | ||||
| Bangladesh |  | Communist Party of Bangladesh | CPB | Ruhin Hossain Prince | 1971 | Marxism–Leninism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | ||
 | Workers Party of Bangladesh | WPB | Fazle Hossain Badsha | 1980 | Marxism–Leninism | Jatiya Sangsad: 4 / 350 | |||
 | Socialist Party of Bangladesh | BASAD | Khalequzzaman | 7 November 1980 | Marxism–Leninism | Jatiya Sangsad: 0 / 350 | |||
| | Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh | RWPB | Saiful Haque | 14 June 2004 | Marxism–Leninism | ||||
| Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Dutta) | BSD-ML | Ajoy Dutta | Maoism | ||||||
| Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Umar) | BSD-ML | Badruddin Umar | Maoism | ||||||
| Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party | PBSP | Siraj Sikder | 3 June 1971 | Maoism | |||||
| Maoist Bolshevik Reorganisation Movement of the Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party | PBSP (MBRM) | 2001 | Maoism | ||||||
| Workers Peasants Socialist Party | SKSD | 1969 | Marxism–Leninism Revolutionary socialism | ||||||
| United Communist League of Bangladesh | UCLB | Mosharraf Hossain Nannu | April 2013 | ||||||
| Belarus |  | Belarusian Left Party "A Just World" | Sergey Kalyakin | 25 October 2009 | Communism Anti-Lukashenko | House of Representatives: 0 / 110 0 / 64 | |||
 Belgium |  | Workers' Party of Belgium | PTB PVDA | Raoul Hedebouw | 1979 | Marxism Feminism | Chamber of Representatives: 12 / 150 5 / 60 | ||
 | Communist Party of Belgium | PCB | Arne Baillière | 1989 | Marxism–Leninism Hard Euroscepticism | Chamber of Representatives: 0 / 150 0 / 60 | |||
 Benin |  | Communist Party of Benin | PCB | 1977 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | |||
| Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Benin | PCMLB | Magloire Yansunnu | 1999 | Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||||
 Bhutan |  | Communist Party of Bhutan (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) | CPB (MLM) | Umesh | 22 April 2003 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism New Democratic Revolution | |||
 Bolivia | Communist Party of Bolivia | PCB | Ignacio Mendoza | 1950 | Marxism–Leninism | Deputies: 0 / 183 Senate: 0 / 36 | |||
| People's Revolutionary Front (Marxist−Leninist−Maoist) | FRP-MLM | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Deputies: 0 / 183 Senate: 0 / 36 | ||||||
| Communist Party of Bolivia (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) | PCB-MLM | Luis Alberto Echazú | 1983 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Deputies: 0 / 183 Senate: 0 / 36 | ||||
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina | RKB-Bih | Goran Markovic | 2000 | Communism Luxemburgism | House of Representatives: 0 / 42 0 / 15 | |||
| Communist Party | KP | Muhamed Imamović | 21 February 2012 | Communism | House of Representatives: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||||
 Botswana | Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin Movement | MELS | Mosalage Ditshoto | 1994 | Marxism–Leninism Maoism | Parliament: 0 / 63 | |||
| Brazil |  | Communist Party of Brazil | PCdoB | Luciana Santos | 23 June 1988 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies 8 / 513 0 / 81 | ||
 | Socialism and Liberty Party | PSOL | Juliano Medeiros | 6 June 2004 | Socialism | Chamber of Deputies: 8 / 513 | |||
 | Brazilian Communist Party | PCB | Edmilson Costa | 25 March 1922 | Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies 0 / 513 0 / 81 | |||
 | United Socialist Workers' Party | PSTU | Zé Maria | 5 June 1994 | Trotskyism | Chamber of Deputies 0 / 513 0 / 81 | |||
 | Workers' Cause Party | PCO | Rui Costa Pimenta | 7 December 1995 | Trotskyism | Chamber of Deputies 0 / 513 0 / 81 | |||
 | Revolutionary Communist Party | PCR | May 1966 | Hoxhaism Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies 0 / 513 0 / 81 | Not registered in Brazil's Superior Electoral Court | |||
 | Popular Unity | UP | Leonardo Péricles | 16 June 2016 | Anti-racism Marxism–Leninism | Chamber of Deputies 0 / 513 0 / 81 | |||
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian Communist Party | BKP | Zonka Zlatkova Spasov | 1990 | Marxism–Leninism Stalinism | National Assembly: 0 / 240 | |||
| Communist Party of Bulgaria | CPB | Aleksandar Paunov | 1996 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 240 | ||||
| Party of the Bulgarian Communists | PBK | Mincho Petrov Minchev, Ivan Krastev Ivanov, Vasil Petrov Kolarov | 15 July 2006 | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 240 | ||||
| Union of Communists in Bulgaria | SKB | Pavel Ivanov | 1995 | Marxism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||||
| Bulgarian Workers and Peasants Party | |||||||||
| Bulgarian Workers Socialist Party | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||||||||
| Bulgarian Workers Party | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||||||||
| 23rd September resistance movement | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||||||||
 Burkina Faso |  | Party for Democracy and Socialism/Metba | PDS/ Metba | Hama Arba Diallo | 31 March 2012 | Communism Socialism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||
| Voltaic Revolutionary Communist Party | PCRV | 1 October 1978 | Hoxhaism Marxism–Leninism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | |||||
 Canada | Communist Party of Canada | PCC | Elizabeth Rowley | 28 May 1921 | Marxism–Leninism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | |||
| Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist) | CPC (ML) | Anna Di Carlo | 31 March 1970 | Marxism–Leninism | |||||
| Revolutionary Communist Party of Canada | PCR-RCP | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | REJECTS | ||||||
| China |  | Maoist Communist Party of China | MCPC | 28 November 2008 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | ||||
| Revolutionary Communist Party of China | RCPC | September 1948 | Trotskyism | ||||||
| Colombia |  | Communist Party of Colombia (Marxist–Leninist) | PCdeC C (M-L) | 1965 | Hoxhaism Marxism–Leninism | ||||
 | Colombian Communist Party – Maoist | PCC-M | 7 August 2001 | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | |||||
| Revolutionary Communist Group of Colombia | 1982 | Maoism | |||||||
 | Revolutionary Independent Labour Movement | MOIR | Gustavo Triana | 1970 | Maoism New Democracy Francisco Mosquera thought | ||||
| Labour party of Colombia | |||||||||
 Costa Rica |  | People's Vanguard Party | PVP | Humberto Vargas Carbonell | 16 June 1931 | Marxism–Leninism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||
 Ivory Coast |  | Revolutionary Communist Party of Ivory Coast | PCRCI | Achy Ekissi | 1990 | Hoxhaism Marxism–Leninism | |||
| Proletarian Communist Party of Côte d'Ivoire | |||||||||
| Croatia |  | Socialist Labour Party of Croatia | SRP | Kristofor Stokić | 25 October 1997 | Marxism–Leninism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||
 | Workers Front | ||||||||
| Cyprus | | Progressive Party of Working People | AKEL | Stefanos Stefanou | 15 August 1926 | Marxism–Leninism | House of Representatives 15 / 56 | ||
| Committee for a Radical Left Rally | ERAS | Collective leadership | October 2011 | Communism Euroscepticism | |||||
| Czech Republic | Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | KSČM | Kateřina Konečná | 31 March 1990 | Communism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 200 0 / 81 | |||
 Denmark |  | Communist Party of Denmark | DKP | Marxism–Leninism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||||
 | Communist Party (Denmark) | ||||||||
 | Workers' Communist Party | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | |||||||
 | Communist Party in Denmark | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | |||||||
 Dominican Republic | Dominican Workers' Party | ||||||||
 | Communist Party of Labour | ||||||||
| International Communist Party | |||||||||
| Communist Party of Dominican Republic | |||||||||
| Dominican Workers' Party (Marxist–Leninist) | |||||||||
| Force of the Revolution | |||||||||
| Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) | |||||||||
 Donetsk People's Republic |  | Communist Party of the Donetsk People's Republic | CPDPR | Boris Litvinov | 8 October 2014 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | People's Council: 0 / 100 | ||
 East Timor |  | Socialist Party of Timor | Marxism–Leninism | National Parliament: 0 / 65 | |||||
 Ecuador |  | Communist Party of Ecuador | Winston Alarcón Elizalde | Marxism–Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 137 | ||||
 | Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador | ||||||||
| Workers' Party of Ecuador | |||||||||
| Democratic People's Movement | |||||||||
 | Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun | ||||||||
 Egypt |  | Egyptian Communist Party | ECP | Marxism–Leninism | House of Representatives: 0 / 596 0 / 300 | ||||
 El Salvador |  | Communist Party of El Salvador | PCS | 13 March 1930 | Marxism–Leninism | Legislative Assembly: 0 / 84 | |||
 Estonia | Communist Party of Estonia | KPE | 26 March 1990 | Marxism–Leninism | Banned | ||||
 Eswatini | Communist Party of Swaziland | Marxism–Leninism | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | ||||||
 Ethiopia |  | All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement | MEISON | 1968 | Marxism–Leninism | ||||
| Finland |  | Communist Party of Finland | SKP | Juha-Pekka Väisänen | 1984 | Marxism–Leninism | Parliament : 0 / 200 | ||
 | Communist Workers' Party – For Peace and Socialism | KTP | Mikko Vartiainen | 1988 | Marxism–Leninism Hard Euroscepticism | Parliament: 0 / 200 | |||
| League of Communists | KL | Kalevi Wahrman | 14 September 2002 | Marxism–Leninism | Parliament: 0 / 200 | ||||
| France | | French Communist Party | PCF | Fabien Roussel | 30 December 1920 | Communism Eurocommunism | National Assembly: 12 / 577 14 / 348 | ||
 | Lutte Ouvrière | LO | Nathalie Arthaud | 1956 | Trotskyism Anti-Capitalism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 0 / 348 | |||
| New Anticapitalist Party | NPA | Central Committee Spokesperson: Christine Poupin | 8 February 2009 | Trotskyism Alter-globalisation | National Assembly: 0 / 577 0 / 348 | ||||
 | Pole of Communist Revival in France | PRCF | Léon Landini | January 2004 | Marxism-Leninism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 0 / 348 | |||
| Workers' Communist Party of France | PCOF | 1979 | Hoxhaism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 0 / 348 | |||||
| Marxist–Leninist Communist Organization – Proletarian Way | OCML-VP | September 1976 | Marxism-Leninism-Maoism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 0 / 348 | |||||
| Revolutionary Left | GR | 1992 | Trotskyism Marxism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 0 / 348 | |||||
 Georgia | Communist Party of Georgia | SKP | Parliament: 0 / 150 | ||||||
 | Unified Communist Party of Georgia | SEKP | Nugzar Shalvovich Avaliani | June 1994 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | Parliament: 0 / 150 | |||
| New Communist Party of Georgia | SAKP | Parliament: 0 / 150 | |||||||
 Germany |  | German Communist Party | DKP | Patrik Köbele | 1968 | Communism Marxism-Leninism | Bundestag: 0 / 709 | ||
 | Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany | MLPD | Gabi Fechtner | 1982 | Marxism-Leninism | Bundestag: 0 / 709 | |||
| Communist Party of Germany (Red Dawn) | KPD-RM | 1985 | Marxism-Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism | Bundestag: 0 / 709 | |||||
 Greece |  | Communist Party of Greece | KKE | Dimitris Koutsoumpas | 17 November 1918 | Communism Marxism-Leninism | Hellenic Parliament: 15 / 300 | ||
 | Marxist Leninist Communist Party of Greece | ||||||||
| Communist Party of Greece (Marxist–Leninist) | |||||||||
 | Organization for the Reconstruction of the Communist Party of Greece | ||||||||
 | Movement for the Reorganization of the Communist Party of Greece 1918–1955 | ||||||||
| Communist Renewal | |||||||||
| Left Anti-capitalist Group | |||||||||
| Left Group | |||||||||
| Left Recomposition | |||||||||
| New Left Current | |||||||||
| Revolutionary Communist Movement of Greece | |||||||||
| Guadeloupe | Guadeloupe Communist Party | PCG | Alain-Félix Flémin | 30 March 1958 | Communism Marxism | National Assembly: 0 / 577 0 / 348 | |||
 Guatemala |  | Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity | URNG- MAIZ | Gregorio Chay | 7 February 1982 | Socialism Indigenismo | Congress: 3 / 160 | ||
 Haiti | New Haitian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) | Communism Marxism–Leninism | |||||||
| Hungary | Hungarian Workers' Party | MMP | Gyula Thürmer | 17 December 1989 | |||||
| Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 | EB | Attila Vajnai | November 2005 | ||||||
| India |  | Communist Party of India | CPI | D. Raja | 17 October 1920 26 December 1925 | Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha: 2 / 543 2 / 245 | ||
 | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | CPI(M) | Sitaram Yechury | 17 October 1920 7 November 1964 | Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha: 3 / 543 5 / 245 | |||
 | Revolutionary Socialist Party | RSP | Manoj Bhattacharya | 19 March 1940 | Marxism–Leninism Trotskyism | Lok Sabha: 1 / 543 0 / 245 | |||
| Revolutionary Communist Party of India | RCPI | Biren Deka | 1 August 1934 | Communism Anti-Stalinism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 0 / 245 | ||||
| All India Forward Bloc | AIFB | Debabrata Biswas | 22 June 1939 | Marxism Left-wing nationalism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 0 / 245 | ||||
| Marxist Forward Bloc | MFB | Jaihind Singh | 12 November 1953 | Marxism Left-wing populism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 0 / 245 | ||||
| Bolshevik Party of India | BPI | 1939 | Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 0 / 245 | |||||
 | Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation | CPI(ML)L | Dipankar Bhattacharya | 1974 | Marxism–Leninism Mao-Zedong-Thought | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 0 / 245 | |||
| Revolutionary Socialist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) | RSPI(ML) | 1969 | Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 0 / 245 | |||||
 | Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist) | SUCI(C) | Provash Ghosh | 24 April 1948 | Shibdas Ghosh Thought Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 0 / 245 | |||
 | Revolutionary Marxist Party of India | RMPI | Mangat Ram Pasla | 2016 | Marxism–Leninism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 0 / 245 | |||
 | Communist Marxist Party | CMP | C. P. John | 1986 | Marxism–Leninism Luxemburgism | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 0 / 245 | |||
| Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) New Democracy | CPIML ND | Yatendra Kumar | 1988 | Naxalism New Democracy | Lok Sabha: 0 / 543 0 / 245 | ||||
 | Communist Party of India (Maoist) | CPI (Maoist) | Nambala Keshava Rao | 21 September 2004 | Naxalism Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | Banned | |||
| Iran | Tudeh Party of Iran | National Council: 0 / 183 0 / 62 | |||||||
 | Komalah | ||||||||
| Communist Party of Iran | |||||||||
| Communist Party of Iran (Marxist–Leninist–Maoist) | |||||||||
| Labour Party of Iran | |||||||||
| Worker-communist Party of Iran | |||||||||
| Worker-communist Party of Iran – Hekmatist | |||||||||
| Worker-communism Unity Party of Iran | |||||||||
| Workers Left Unity | |||||||||
| Fedaian Organisation (Minority) | |||||||||
| Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas | |||||||||
| Organization of Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas – Followers of the Identity Platform | |||||||||
| Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas | |||||||||
 Iraq | Iraqi Communist Party | ||||||||
| Worker-communist Party of Iraq | |||||||||
| Left Worker-communist Party of Iraq | |||||||||
| Popular Unity Party | |||||||||
| Iraqi Revolutionary Marxist–Leninists Regroupment | |||||||||
| Communist Party of Kurdistan – Iraq | |||||||||
 | Worker-communist Party of Kurdistan | ||||||||
 Ireland | Workers' Party of Ireland | ||||||||
 | Communist Party of Ireland | ||||||||
 | Irish Republican Socialist Party | ||||||||
 Israel | Israeli Communist Party | ||||||||
| Da'am Workers Party | |||||||||
| Italy |  | Communist Refoundation Party | |||||||
 | Italian Communist Party | ||||||||
 | Italian Marxist–Leninist Party | ||||||||
 | Communist Party | ||||||||
| Communist Alternative Party | |||||||||
| Unified communist party of Italy | |||||||||
| Communist Front | |||||||||
 Japan |  | Japanese Communist Party | |||||||
| Japanese Communist Party (Action Faction) | |||||||||
| Japanese Communist Party (Left Faction) | |||||||||
| Japan Labor Party | |||||||||
| Workers Communist Party in Japan | |||||||||
 Jordan |  | Jordanian Communist Party | |||||||
| Jordanian Democratic People's Party | |||||||||
 Kazakhstan | Communist Party of Kazakhstan | ||||||||
| Socialist Movement of Kazakhstan | |||||||||
 Kenya | Communist Party of Kenya | ||||||||
 Kuwait |  | Kuwaiti Progressive Movement | |||||||
 Kyrgyzstan |  | Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan | |||||||
| Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan | |||||||||
| Latvia | Socialist Party of Latvia | ||||||||
| Communist Party of Latvia | |||||||||
 Lebanon |  | Lebanese Communist Party | |||||||
 | Communist Action Organization in Lebanon | ||||||||
 Lesotho | Communist Party of Lesotho | ||||||||
 Lithuania | Socialist People's Front | ||||||||
 | Communist Party of Lithuania | ||||||||
 Luhansk People's Republic | Union of Communists of Luhanshchina | ||||||||
 Luxembourg |  | Communist Party of Luxembourg | |||||||
| Madagascar | Congress Party for the Independence of Madagascar | ||||||||
| Mali | Malian Party of Labour | ||||||||
| African Solidarity for Democracy and Independence | |||||||||
 Malta | Communist Party of Malta | ||||||||
| Martinique | Martinican Communist Party | ||||||||
 | Communist Party for Independence and Socialism | ||||||||
 Mexico |  | Popular Socialist Party | |||||||
| Popular Socialist Party of Mexico | |||||||||
| Communist Party of Mexico | |||||||||
| Communist Party of Mexico (Marxist–Leninist) | |||||||||
| Marxist–Leninist Centre in Mexico | |||||||||
| Communists' Party | |||||||||
| Moldova | | Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova | |||||||
 Montenegro |  | Yugoslav Communist Party of Montenegro | |||||||
 Morocco | Democratic Way | Abdallah El Harif | 1995 | Marxism | |||||
 Myanmar | Communist Party of Burma | CPB | Mao-Zedong-Thought | ||||||
 Namibia | Workers Revolutionary Party | WRP | Attie Beukes | Trotskyism | |||||
 Nepal | Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) | ||||||||
 | Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist–Leninist) | ||||||||
 | Nepal Workers' and Peasants' Party | ||||||||
 | Communist Party of Nepal (Marxist) | ||||||||
 | Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) | ||||||||
 Netherlands |  | New Communist Party of the Netherlands | |||||||
 | United Communist Party | ||||||||
 | Group of Marxist–Leninists/Red Dawn | ||||||||
 New Zealand | Socialist Party of Aotearoa | ||||||||
| Communist League | |||||||||
 Nicaragua | Communist Party of Nicaragua | ||||||||
| Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement | |||||||||
| Nicaraguan Socialist Party | |||||||||
 North Macedonia | League of Communists of Macedonia | ||||||||
| Union of Tito's Left Forces | |||||||||
| Communist Party of Macedonia | |||||||||
| Norway |  | Communist Party of Norway | |||||||
 | Red Party | ||||||||
| Radical Socialists | |||||||||
 Pakistan |  | Communist Party of Pakistan | |||||||
 | Mazdoor Kisan Party | ||||||||
| | Communist Party of Pakistan (Thaheem) | ||||||||
| Palestine |  | Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine | |||||||
 | Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine | ||||||||
| Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party | |||||||||
| Palestinian People's Party | |||||||||
 | Palestinian Communist Party | ||||||||
 Panama | People's Party of Panama | ||||||||
| Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) of Panama | |||||||||
| November 29 National Liberation Movement | |||||||||
 Paraguay |  | Paraguayan Communist Party | |||||||
 | Partido Patria Libre | ||||||||
| Paraguayan Communist Party (independent) | |||||||||
| Peru | Peruvian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) | ||||||||
 | Shining Path | ||||||||
| Proletarian Party of Peru | |||||||||
 Philippines |  | Communist Party of the Philippines | |||||||
| Phillipine Communist Party-1930 | |||||||||
| Filipino Workers Party | |||||||||
| Marxist–Leninist Party of the Philippines | |||||||||
| Revolutionary Workers' Party of the Philippines | |||||||||
 Poland |  | Polish Communist Party (2002) | |||||||
| Polish Party of the Working Class- Initiative group | |||||||||
| Portugal |  | Portuguese Communist Party | |||||||
 | Portuguese Workers' Communist Party | ||||||||
| Proletarian Communist Organization (Marxist–Bolshevik) of Portugal | |||||||||
| Revolutionary Party of the Proletariat – Bases for Revolution | |||||||||
| Workers Politics Communist Organisation | |||||||||
 Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican Workers' Revolutionary Party | ||||||||
| Communist Party of Puerto Rico | |||||||||
| Réunion | Communist Party of Réunion | ||||||||
 Romania | Communitarian Party of Romania | ||||||||
| Communist Party (Nepeceriști) | |||||||||
| Romanian Socialist Party | |||||||||
| Russia |  | Communist Party of the Russian Federation | |||||||
 | Russian Communist Workers' Party of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | ||||||||
| Russian United Labour Front | |||||||||
| Russian Maoist Party | |||||||||
| Party of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat | |||||||||
| Alliance of the Revolutionary Socialists | |||||||||
| Labour Russia | |||||||||
 | Russian Party of Freedom and Justice | ||||||||
 | Communists of Russia | ||||||||
| Regional Party of Communists | |||||||||
| Marxist Leninist Platform | |||||||||
 Serbia | New Communist Party of Yugoslavia | ||||||||
 | Party of Labour | ||||||||
| Communist Party | |||||||||
 Slovakia |  | Communist Party of Slovakia | |||||||
| Dawn | |||||||||
| RESISTANCE - Labour Movement | |||||||||
| South Africa | Economic Freedom Fighters | ||||||||
| Socialist Revolutionary Workers Party | |||||||||
 South Ossetia | Communist Party of South Ossetia | CPSO | Stanislav Kochiev | 1993 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | Parliament: 2 / 34 | |||
 South Sudan | Communist Party of South Sudan | CPSS | Joseph Wol Modesto | June 2011 | Marxism–Leninism | ||||
| Spain |  | Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain | |||||||
| Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) | |||||||||
 | Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted) | ||||||||
 | Marxist–Leninist Party (Communist Reconstruction) | ||||||||
 | Communist Unification of Spain | ||||||||
 | Spanish Communist Workers' Party | ||||||||
| Revolutionary Communist Party | |||||||||
| Marxist–Leninist Front of the Peoples of Spain | |||||||||
 | Party of the Communists of Catalonia | ||||||||
| Living Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia | |||||||||
 | United and Alternative Left | ||||||||
| Communist Workers Bloc of Andalusia | |||||||||
 | Galician People's Union | ||||||||
| Communist Party of the Menadores | |||||||||
| Communist Party of Spain (Maoist) | |||||||||
| Communist Initiative | |||||||||
 | Primeira Linha | ||||||||
| Democratic Labour Party | |||||||||
| Kimetz | |||||||||
 | Communist Party of the Basque Homelands | ||||||||
 | Galician People's Front | ||||||||
 | Galician Movement for Socialism | ||||||||
| Andalucia Comunista | |||||||||
| Red Roja | |||||||||
 Sudan |  | Sudanese Communist Party | SCP | Muhammad Mukhtar Al-Khatib | 1946 | Marxism–Leninism | Transitional Legislative Council: 0 / 300 | ||
 Sweden |  | Communist Party of Sweden | |||||||
 | Communist Party | ||||||||
| Communist League | |||||||||
 Switzerland |  | Communist Party | |||||||
 | Swiss Party of Labour | ||||||||
| Sri Lanka |  | Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna | |||||||
 | Ceylon Communist Party (Maoist) | ||||||||
| Syria | Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash) | ||||||||
| Syrian Communist Party (Unified) | |||||||||
 | People's Will Party | ||||||||
 | Communist Labour Party | ||||||||
 Taiwan | Taiwan People's Communist Party | TPCP | Lin Te-wang | 4 February 2017 | Chinese unification | ||||
 Tajikistan |  | Communist Party of Tajikistan | KPT | 6 December 1924 | Marxism–Leninism | ||||
 Togo | Communist Party of Togo | PCT | 4 May 1980 | Hoxhaism | |||||
 Transnistria | Pridnestrovie Communist Party | PCP | Nadezhda Bondarenko | 20 April 2003 | Marxism–Leninism Soviet patriotism | ||||
 Tunisia |  | Workers' Party | |||||||
| Democratic Patriots' Unified Party | |||||||||
 Turkey | Communist Party of Turkey | ||||||||
 | Marxist–Leninist Communist Party | ||||||||
 | Communist Labour Party of Turkey/Leninist | ||||||||
 | Revolutionary Communist Party of Turkey | ||||||||
 | Labour Party | ||||||||
| Communist Party of Turkey (Workers Voice) | |||||||||
 | Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist | ||||||||
| Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist (Maoist Party Centre) | |||||||||
| Communist Revolution Movement/Leninist | |||||||||
| Communist Workers Party of Turkey | |||||||||
 | Maoist Communist Party | ||||||||
 | Revolutionary People's Liberation Party/Front | ||||||||
 | Communist Party of Kurdistan | ||||||||
| Bolshevik Party (North Kurdistan – Turkey) | |||||||||
 Turkmenistan |  | Communist Party of Turkmenistan | TKP | 1998 | Marxism–Leninism | Banned | |||
 Ukraine |  | Communist Party of Ukraine | |||||||
 | Communist Party of Ukraine (renewed) | ||||||||
| Workers Party of Ukraine (Marxist–Leninist) | |||||||||
 | Communist Party of Workers and Peasants | ||||||||
| Union of Communists of Ukraine | |||||||||
 | Borotba | ||||||||
| All Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks- Ukraine | |||||||||
 United Kingdom |  | Communist Party of Britain | |||||||
| Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) | |||||||||
 | Communist Party of Great Britain (Marxist–Leninist) | CPGB-ML | |||||||
 | Communist Party of Great Britain (Provisional Central Committee) | ||||||||
| | New Communist Party of Britain | ||||||||
| Revolutionary Communist Party of Britain (Marxist–Leninist) | |||||||||
| Revolutionary Communist Group | |||||||||
| Communist League | |||||||||
| Communist Party Alliance | |||||||||
 | Red Fightback | RFB | |||||||
 United States |  | Communist Party USA | |||||||
 | Party for Socialism and Liberation | ||||||||
 | Socialist Alternative | ||||||||
 | Socialist Equality Party | ||||||||
| Workers World Party | |||||||||
| Socialist Workers Party | |||||||||
 | Socialist Action | ||||||||
| Uruguay |  | Revolutionary Communist Party of Uruguay | PCR | Marxism–Leninism–Maoism | |||||
 Uzbekistan | Communist Party of Uzbekistan | KPU | Kaxramon Mahmudov | 1994 | BANNED | Marxism–Leninism | |||
| Venezuela | Communist Party of Venezuela | ||||||||
 | Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Venezuela | ||||||||
 | Red Flag Party | ||||||||
| | Revolutionary Movement Tupamaro(Popular Revolutionary Alternative) Movimiento Revolucionario Tupamaro | MRT | 1992 (1992) | Marxism-Leninism Guevarism | Chamber of Deputies: 0 / 277 | A part of the party is in the ruling alliance but this part is with the popular revolutionary alternative | |||
- All-Union Communist Party, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Bolshevik Platform of the KPSS[17]
Formerly communist [edit]
| Country | Before | Turned | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ideologically transformed parties who are now in power | |||
| Angola | Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola | same name | Has abandoned Marxist-Leninism for social democracy |
| National Union for the Total Independence of Angola | same name | Abandoned Marxism-Leninism for social democracy and then for social conservatism | |
| Brazil | Popular Socialist Party | Cidadania | |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian Communist Party | Bulgarian Socialist Party | |
 Cambodia | Kampuchean Revolutionary People's Party | Cambodian People's Party | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for social democracy |
 Congo | Congolese Party of Labour | same name | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for social democracy |
| Croatia | League of Communists of Croatia | Social Democratic Party | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism-Titoism for social democracy |
| Kazakhstan | Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan | People's Party of Kazakhstan | |
 Mongolia | Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party | Mongolian People's Party | Has abandoned Marxist-Leninism for social democracy |
| Morocco | Party of Progress and Socialism | same name | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for democratic socialism |
 Mozambique | FRELIMO | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for democratic socialism | |
| Serbia | League of Communists of Serbia | Socialist Party of Serbia | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism-Titoism for social democracy |
 Slovenia | League of Communists of Slovenia | Social Democrats | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism-Titoism for social democracy |
 Yemen | Yemeni Socialist Party | same | Has abandoned Marxism-Leninism for social democracy |
Defunct [edit]
Once ruling [edit]
| State | Defunct Party | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan | |
| Albania | Party of Labour of Albania | Succeeded by Socialist Party of Albania |
| Benin | People's Revolutionary Party of Benin | |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarian Communist Party | Succeeded by the Bulgarian Socialist Party
|
| Cambodia | Communist Party of Kampuchea | |
| Czechoslovakia | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia | Czech Republic branch became the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia, and the Slovak branch became the Party of the Democratic Left |
| Ethiopia | Workers' Party of Ethiopia | |
| Germany | ||
| Grenada | New Jewel Movement | |
| Hungary | Hungarian Working People's Party | |
| Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party | Became the Hungarian Socialist Party | |
| Poland | Polish United Workers' Party | |
| Romania | Romanian Communist Party | |
| Somalia | Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party | |
| Soviet Union | Communist Party of the Soviet Union | Formerly the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party |
| Yugoslavia | League of Communists of Yugoslavia |
Non-ruling [edit]
- Armenia – Armenian Workers Communist Party, Armenian Workers Union, Marxist Party of Armenia, Union of Communists of Armenia, Renewed Communist Party of Armenia
- Australia – Communist Party of Australia
-
Barbados- Workers Party of Barbados - Belgium – Union of Marxist–Leninist Communists of Belgium, founded in 1970[3] [4]
- Belgium – Communist Party of Belgium – Marxist–Leninist, founded in 1976.
- Brazil – Free Homeland Party
- Bulgaria – Bulgarian Communist Party – Marxists
- Burkina Faso – African Independence Party (Burkina Faso), Burkinabé Bolshevik Party, Burkinabé Communist Group, Marxist–Leninist Group, Organization for Popular Democracy – Labour Movement, Party for Democracy and Socialism, Party of Labour of Burkina, Patriotic League for Development, Union of Burkinabé Communists, Union of Communist Struggles, Union of Communist Struggles – Reconstructed, Union of Communist Struggles – The Flame, Voltaic Communist Organization
- Canada – Labor-Progressive Party (legal front of the Communist Party of Canada from 1943 to 1959), Workers' Communist Party of Canada
- Channel Islands – Jersey Communist Party
- Chile – Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action), Revolutionary Left Movement
- Colombia – Workers Revolutionary Party of Colombia
- Costa Rica – Costa Rican People's Party
- Cyprus – Communist Party of Cyprus
- Cuba – Popular Socialist Party, joined Cuban Communist Party
- El Salvador – Communist Party of El Salvador, merged into the FMLN
- Eswatini – Swaziland Communist Party
-
Gambia – Gambia Socialist Revolutionary Party - Georgia – Revived Communist Party of Georgia, Georgian Workers Communist Party
- Germany – Spartacist League formed in 1918 and became the Communist Party of Germany
- West Germany – Socialist Unity Party of West Berlin, Communist Party of Germany (banned 1956 in West Germany)
- Guatemala – Guatemalan Party of Labour, merged into the URNG
- Haiti – Haitian Communist Party, Haitian Workers Party, Unified Party of Haitian Communists, merged into the National Reconstruction Movement in 1990
-
Honduras – Communist Party of Honduras, merged into the Patriotic Renewal Party -
Iceland – Communist Party of Iceland, Communist Party of Iceland (Marxist–Leninist) - India – Indian Communist Party (Sen)
-
Indonesia – Communist Party of Indonesia - Ireland – Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)
- Iraq – Leninist Group in the Iraqi Communist Movement
- Israel – Maki (1948–1973) split in 1965 with formation of largely Arab Rakah which changed its name to Maki in 1989
- Italy – Communist Party of Italy, Italian Communist Party of the Julian March, Marxist–Leninist Italian Communist Party, Marxist–Leninist Revolutionary Party of Italy, Movement for Peace and Socialism, Movement for the Confederation of the Communists
- Lebanon – Lebanese People's Party
-
Malaysia – Malayan Communist Party, North Kalimantan Communist Party - Mexico – Mexican Communist Party
- Moldova – Communist Reformers Party of Moldova
- Myanmar – Communist Party (Burma)
- Namibia – Communist Party of Namibia
-
New Caledonia - New Caledonian Communist Party[5] - Netherlands – Communist Party of the Netherlands merged into GroenLinks in 1989
- New Zealand – Communist Party of New Zealand, Socialist Unity Party
-
Nigeria – Nigerian Communist Party, Socialist Workers and Farmers Party of Nigeria - North Korea – Workers' Party of North Korea
- Norway – Workers' Communist Party merged into the Red Party
- Palestine – Communist Party of Palestine (1921–1948)
- Poland – Communist Party of Poland
-
Saudi Arabia – Communist Party in Saudi Arabia -
South Korea – Workers' Party of South Korea - Switzerland – Party of Labour Basel, founded in 1944
- Taiwan – Taiwanese Communist Party, China Communist Alliance, Communist Party of the Republic of China, Taiwan Democratic Communist Party
-
Tatarstan – Communist Party of the Republic of Tatarstan -
Thailand – Communist Party of Thailand - Transnistria (unrecognized country) – Communist Party of Pridnestrovie
-
Trieste – Communist Party of the Free Territory of Trieste, merged into the Italian Communist Party -
Trinidad and Tobago – Communist Party of Trinidad and Tobago - United Kingdom – Communist Party of Great Britain, Communist Party of Scotland
- United States – Communist Party Marxist–Leninist, May 19th Communist Movement, Communist Workers Party, Black Panther Party, Communist Labor Party of America, International Socialist Organization
Left communist organizations by country [edit]
The following is a list of left communist organizations by country which list only those political organizations and parties who officially call themselves left communist ideologically and still exist.
Organisations [edit]
| Country | Organizations |
|---|---|
| Ideologically left communist organizations | |
| Italy | International Communist Party Lotta Comunista |
| Iran | Internationalist Voice |
| United Kingdom | Communist Workers' Organisation World Revolution |
| United States | Internationalism Internationalist Workers Group Workers Offensive |
| Venezuela | Internationalism |
References [edit]
- ^ "Peru confirms new moderate-left cabinet". www.aljazeera.com . Retrieved 2022-04-12 .
- ^ Abrahamian, Ervand (1982). Iran Between Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press. pp. 234–237. ISBN0-691-10134-5.
- ^ "Syndicalisme de combat et parti révolutionnaire". Anticapitalist Left (in French). Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Emall NL" (in Dutch). Marxistische universiteit. Archived 15 January 2006 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ Kurtovitch, Ismet (2000). "A Communist Party in New Caledonia (1941-1948)". The Journal of Pacific History. 35 (2): 163–179. doi:10.1080/002233400445779. JSTOR 25169484. S2CID 153697401.
External links [edit]
- Leftist Parties of the World (last updated 4 October 2006)
- Communist States animation (1850–2016)
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_communist_parties
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